<!doctype html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
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<title>reveal.js</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/reset.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/reveal.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/theme/night-custom.css">
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<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighted code -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="./node_modules/highlight.js/styles/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="reveal">
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<div class="slides">
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<section>
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<h2>Web-Entwicklung</h2>
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</section>
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<section>
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<section>
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<h2>Agenda</h2>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Grundlagen</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>HTML/CSS/JS</li>
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<li>HTTP-Protokoll</li>
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<li>JSON</li>
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<li>Debugger</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Fortgeschrittenes</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>JavaScript</li>
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<li>NodeJS</li>
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<li>Responsive Design</li>
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<li>CSS-Animationen</li>
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<li>WebComponents / lit</li>
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<li>Canvas-Element</li>
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<li>Datenbank</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Architektur & Paradigmen</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Funktionale Programmierung</li>
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<li>Objektorientierte Programmierung</li>
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<li>Entwurfsmuster (Singleton, Factory, Builder...)</li>
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<li>SOLID-Prinzipien</li>
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<li>Dependency Injection</li>
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<li>MVC</li>
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<li>Redux</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Interessante Technologien</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>WebSockets</li>
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<li>WebWorker</li>
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<li>ServiceWorker</li>
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<li>WebRTC</li>
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<li>WebGL</li>
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<li>Progressive Web Application</li>
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<li>CEF / Electron</li>
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<li>WebAssembly</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Betrieb</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Server einrichten</li>
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<li>SSL- / TLS-Zertifikate</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Workflows</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Git</li>
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<li>Test Driven Development</li>
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<li>Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section>
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<section>
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<h2>HTML</h2>
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</section>
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<section>
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<ul>
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<li>HyperText Markup Language</li>
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<li>Erste Version 1993 von Tim Berners-Lee</li>
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<li>Dokumentationsmedium</li>
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<li>Ursprünglich rein akademische Verwendung</li>
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<li>Verlinkungen der Dokumente macht sie "hyper"</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<table>
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<tr><th>Version</th><th>Erscheinung</th><th>Elemente ca.</th></tr>
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<tr><td>HTML 1.0</td><td>1993</td><td>20</td></tr>
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<tr><td>HTML 2.0</td><td>1995</td><td>50</td></tr>
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<tr><td>HTML 3.2</td><td>1997</td><td>70</td></tr>
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<tr><td>HTML 4.01</td><td>1999</td><td>90</td></tr>
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<tr><td>HTML 5.0</td><td>2014</td><td>110</td></tr>
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</table>
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</section>
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<section>
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<ul>
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<li>Heute ein "lebender Standard" (Living Standard)</li>
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<li>Stetige inkrementelle Erweiterung</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Grundgerüst</h3>
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<pre>
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<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
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<script type="text/template">
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="de">
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<head>
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
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</head>
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<body>
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</body>
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</html>
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</script>
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</code>
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</pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Beispiel</h3>
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<pre>
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<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
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<script type="text/template">
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>Title</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Lorem Ipsum</h1>
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<div>
|
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing</p>
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<a href="/assets/html/simple2.html">Weitere Infos</a>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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</script>
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</code>
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</pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Beispiel</h3>
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<iframe data-src="/assets/html/simple.html"></iframe>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Aufbau eines Elements</h3>
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<pre>
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<code class="html" data-trim>
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<script type="text/template">
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<span id="my-id" class="super important">Inhalt</span>
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</script>
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</code>
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</pre>
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<pre>
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<code class="html" data-trim>
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<script type="text/template">
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<!-- HTML 4.01 -->
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<input id="input" class="super important" disabled="disabled" />
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</script>
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</code>
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</pre>
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<pre>
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<code class="html" data-trim>
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<script type="text/template">
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<!-- HTML 5 -->
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<input id="input2" class="super important" disabled>
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</script>
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</code>
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</pre>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section>
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<section>
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<h2>CSS</h2>
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</section>
|
<section>
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<ul>
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<li>Cascading Style Sheet</li>
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<li>Nach größerer Verbreitung von HTML</li>
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<li>Webseiten ansprechend gestalten</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
|
<img data-src="/assets/images/css-sucks.png">
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Beispiel</h3>
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<pre>
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<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
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selector [, selector, selector, ...] {
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property: value;
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}
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</code>
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</pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Beispiel</h3>
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<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
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html {
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background-color: red;
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font-size: 30px;
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}
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</code>
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</pre>
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</section>
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<section>
|
<h3>Beispiel</h3>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
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<script type="text/template">
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
|
...
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<style>
|
html {
|
background-color: red;
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font-size: 30px;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
|
...
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</body>
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</html>
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</script>
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</code>
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</pre>
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</section>
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<section>
|
<h3>Beispielhafte CSS-Eigenschaften</h3>
|
<ul>
|
<li>background-color: red</li>
|
<li>font-family: Georgia, serif, Arial</li>
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<li>text-decoration: line-through underline</li>
|
</ul>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Selektoren</h3>
|
<ul>
|
<li>Umfangreiche Element-Selektoren zur Anwendung der Styles</li>
|
<li>Kinder, Enkel...</li>
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<li>Geschwister, direkte Nachfolger</li>
|
<li>Attribute</li>
|
<li>Pseudoklassen</li>
|
</ul>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Selektoren</h3>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
#my-id /* ID */
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html, body /* Mehrfachselektion */
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div > p /* p die direkt unterhalb eines div sind */
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div p /* p die irgendwo unterhalb eines div sind */
|
a:visited /* besuchte Links */
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div:hover /* divs über die man mit der Maus fährt */
|
span.important /* span mit der Klasse "important" */
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</code>
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</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Layout</h3>
|
<p>Es gibt zwei grundlegende Blocktypen:</p>
|
<p><code>block</code></p>
|
<p><code>inline</code></p>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Block</h3>
|
<p>Beansprucht eine ganze Zeile und verursacht Zeilenumbrüche</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
display: block;
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</code>
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</pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<p>Kann Breite und Höhe haben</p>
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<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
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display: block;
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width: 20px;
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height: 20px;
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</code>
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</pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Inline</h3>
|
<p>Wie einfacher Text, der mit anderen in der gleichen Zeile stehen kann</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
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display: inline;
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</code>
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</pre>
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</section>
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<section>
|
<p>Festlegen von Breite und Höhe sind wirkungslos</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
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display: inline;
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width: 20px; /* kein Effekt */
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height: 20px; /* kein Effekt */
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</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Inline-Block</h3>
|
<p>Mischform von <code>inline</code> und <code>block</code></p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
display: inline-block;
|
width: 20px;
|
height: 20px;
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Spezifität</h3>
|
<p>Regeln können andere Regeln überschreiben</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<script type="text/template">
|
<div style="display: inline-block"></div>
|
</script>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
#id:hover { display: none }
|
|
#id { display: block }
|
|
.class.clazz { display: inline }
|
|
div { display: inline-block }
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Box Model</h3>
|
<p>Es gibt zwei Varianten des Modells:</p>
|
<p><code>content-box</code> (default)</p>
|
<p>border-box</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
box-sizing: content-box;
|
box-sizing: border-box;
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<img data-src="/assets/images/css-box-model.png">
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Beispiel</h3>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
div {
|
border: 3px solid red;
|
padding: 10px;
|
width: 100px;
|
}
|
|
.border-box {
|
box-sizing: border-box;
|
}
|
|
.content-box {
|
box-sizing: content-box;
|
}
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<script type="text/template">
|
<div class="content-box">content-box</div>
|
<div class="border-box">border-box</div>
|
</script>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Beispiel</h3>
|
<iframe data-src="/assets/html/box-sizing.html"></iframe>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Positioning</h3>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
/* default, da wo es in der Seite steht */
|
position: static;
|
/* relativ zu seiner eigentlichen Position */
|
position: relative;
|
/* relativ zu seinem nächsten non-static parent o. window */
|
position: absolute;
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
position: relative;
|
position: absolute;
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
<p>erlauben Verschiebung mittels</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
top: 10px;
|
left: 10px;
|
right: 10px;
|
bottom: 10px;
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>Beispiel Menü</h3>
|
<iframe data-src="/assets/html/css-menu.html"></iframe>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
.menu-item {
|
display: inline-block;
|
|
position: relative;
|
}
|
|
.menu-item .children {
|
display: none;
|
|
position: absolute;
|
}
|
|
.menu-item:hover .children {
|
display: block;
|
}
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<script type="text/template">
|
<div class="menu">
|
<div class="menu-item">Eins</div>
|
<div class="menu-item">
|
Hover Me!
|
<div class="children">
|
<div>Item 1</div>
|
<div>Item 2</div>
|
</div>
|
</div>
|
<div class="menu-item">Drei</div>
|
</div>
|
</script>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<section>
|
<h2>JS</h2>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<ul>
|
<li>JavaScript stammt aus dem Jahr 1995 von Netscape</li>
|
<li>Syntaktisch an Java angelehnt</li>
|
<li>Ursprünglich nur optionale, verzichtbare Effekte (unobstrusive)</li>
|
<li>Mittlerweile von ECMA standardisiert</li>
|
</ul>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<table>
|
<tr><th>Version</th><th>ECMA Standard</th><th>Jahr</th></tr>
|
<tr><td>ES1</td><td>ECMAScript 1</td><td>1997</td></tr>
|
<tr><td>ES2</td><td>ECMAScript 2</td><td>1998</td></tr>
|
<tr><td><strong>ES3</strong></td><td><strong>ECMAScript 3</strong></td><td><strong>1999</strong></td></tr>
|
<tr><td><strong>ES5</strong></td><td><strong>ECMAScript 5</strong></td><td><strong>2009</strong></td></tr>
|
<tr><td>ES6</td><td>ECMAScript 2015</td><td>2015</td></tr>
|
<tr><td></td><td>...</td><td></td></tr>
|
<tr><td></td><td>ECMAScript 2020</td><td>2020</td></tr>
|
</table>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Code wird zwischen <code>script</code>-Tags geschrieben</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
<html lang="de">
|
<head>
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
</head>
|
<body>
|
<script>// code</script>
|
</body>
|
</html>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>DOM-API</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
// findet das erste Element
|
const parent = document.querySelector("#id");
|
|
// findet alle Elemente
|
const elements = document.querySelectorAll("#id");
|
|
// Element erstellen
|
const newElement = document.createElement("div");
|
|
newElement.addEventListener("click", (event) => {
|
// Click-Event
|
});
|
|
// Element anhängen
|
parent.appendChild(newElement);
|
|
newElement.remove();
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<section>
|
<h2>Auslagern in verschiedene Dateien</h2>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
<html>
|
<head>
|
<!-- CSS -->
|
<link href="styles.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
</head>
|
<body>
|
<!-- JS -->
|
<script src="index.js"></script>
|
</body>
|
</html>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Parsen eines HTML-Dokuments</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers="1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10">
|
<script type="text/template">
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
<html lang="de">
|
<head>
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
<title>Coole Seite 😀</title>
|
</head>
|
<body>
|
<div>Ganz langer Text</div>
|
</body>
|
</html>
|
</script>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Verschiedene Varianten, JavaScript erst am Ende auszuführen</p>
|
<p>Damals mit jQuery:</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
<html>
|
<head>
|
<script>
|
$(document).ready((event) => {
|
const element = document.querySelector("#hello");
|
});
|
</script>
|
</head>
|
<body>
|
<div id="hello">Hello World!</div>
|
</body>
|
</html>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p><code>script</code>-Tag am Ende</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
<html>
|
<head>
|
</head>
|
<body>
|
<div>Hello World!</div>
|
...
|
<script src="index.js"></script>
|
</body>
|
</html>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Event-basiert, z.B. per DOMContentLoaded</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
<html>
|
<head>
|
<script>
|
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", (event) => {
|
// wird ausgeführt, sobald das Dokument geparst wurde
|
const element = document.querySelector("#hello");
|
});
|
</script>
|
</head>
|
<body>
|
<div id="hello">Hello World!</div>
|
</body>
|
</html>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Moderne Variante</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<script src="index.js" defer></script>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<h2><code>document</code>-Operationen</h2>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
document.open();
|
document.write("<div>Booo!</div>");
|
document.close();
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/write">
|
<img data-src="/assets/images/document.write.jpg">
|
</a>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<body>
|
<script>document.write("<p>Dies ist ein Text.</p>")</script>
|
<button>Dunkle Magie</button>
|
<script>
|
const button = document.querySelector("button");
|
|
button.addEventListener("click", () => {
|
document.write("Und pfutsch!");
|
});
|
</script>
|
</body>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<section>
|
<h2>HTTP-Protokoll</h2>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<img data-src="/assets/images/osi-model.jpg">
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<ul>
|
<li>OSI-Schichten 5, 6 und 7</li>
|
<li>Anfrage-Antwort-Prinzip</li>
|
<li>Basiert auf einfachem Text</li>
|
</ul>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<table>
|
<tr><th>Version</th><th>Jahr</th></tr>
|
<tr><th>0.9</th><th>1991</th></tr>
|
<tr><th>1.0</th><th>1996</th></tr>
|
<tr><th>1.1</th><th>1999</th></tr>
|
<tr><th>2.0</th><th>2015</th></tr>
|
<tr><th>3.0</th><th>2022</th></tr>
|
</table>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Request an www.google.de</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="http" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
GET / HTTP/1.1
|
Host: www.google.de
|
User-Agent: curl/7.88.1
|
Accept: */*
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Response von www.google.de</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="http" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
Date: Tue, 04 Apr 2023 15:45:26 GMT
|
Expires: -1
|
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0
|
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
|
Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only: [...]
|
Server: gws
|
X-XSS-Protection: 0
|
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
|
Set-Cookie: [...]
|
Accept-Ranges: none
|
Vary: Accept-Encoding
|
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
|
|
<!doctype html><html>...</html>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Einfach mal testen:</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
curl -v --http1.0 http://www.google.de
|
curl -v --http1.1 http://www.google.de
|
curl -v --http2 http://www.google.de
|
curl -v --http2-prior-knowledge http://www.google.de
|
curl -v --http3 http://www.google.de
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Verschiedene "Verben" bzw. "Methoden"</p>
|
<ul>
|
<li>GET</li>
|
<li>POST</li>
|
<li>PUT</li>
|
<li>PATCH</li>
|
<li>DELETE</li>
|
<li>...</li>
|
</ul>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Beispiel:</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
git clone https://git.furnco.de/r/public/web-development/examples.git
|
cd examples/templates/005-http-rest
|
node index.js
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="text" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
curl -X GET -is http://localhost:3000/todo
|
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "Einkaufen"}' -is http://localhost:3000/todo
|
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "Putzen"}' -is http://localhost:3000/todo
|
curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "Schlafen"}' -is http://localhost:3000/todo/1
|
curl -X DELETE -is http://localhost:3000/todo/0
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="text" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
X-Powered-By: Express
|
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
|
Content-Length: 13
|
ETag: W/"d-KMmUcQ1kigqtwzZnU+jVDkYP3Co"
|
Date: Wed, 05 Apr 2023 12:05:05 GMT
|
Connection: keep-alive
|
Keep-Alive: timeout=5
|
|
["Einkaufen"]
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="">
|
app.get("/todo", (req, res) => {
|
return res.json(todos);
|
});
|
|
// [...]
|
|
app.post("/todo", (req, res) => {
|
// [...]
|
return res.json(todos);
|
// [...]
|
});
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p><code>GET</code> und <code>POST</code> auf klassischen Webseiten</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
<form method="post" action="/todo">
|
<input name="todo"><button>add</button>
|
</form>
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
<p>Beispiel:</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
cd examples/templates/006-http-web
|
node index.js
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<section>
|
<h3>JSON</h3>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<ul>
|
<li><em class="h">J</em>ava<em class="h">S</em>cript <em class="h">O</em>bject <em class="h">N</em>otation</li>
|
<li>Basiert auf reinem Text</li>
|
<li>Format zur strukturierten Speicherung von Daten</li>
|
<li>Attribute müssen immer in doppelte Anführungsstriche (<code>"</code>) gesetzt werden</li>
|
</ul>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Definition eines einfachen Objekts in JS</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
const o = {
|
x: 1,
|
y: 2
|
};
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Entsprechung in JSON</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
{
|
"x": 1,
|
"y": 2
|
}
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Mögliche Typen</p>
|
<p>
|
<ul>
|
<li>Number (bzw. Integer / Float)</li>
|
<li>Boolean</li>
|
<li>String</li>
|
<li>Array</li>
|
<li>Object</li>
|
</ul>
|
</p>
|
</section>
|
<section>
|
<p>Der äußere Container kann ein Array oder ein Object sein</p>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
{
|
"key": "value",
|
}
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
<pre>
|
<code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
|
[
|
"foo",
|
"bar"
|
]
|
</code>
|
</pre>
|
</section>
|
</section>
|
</div>
|
</div>
|
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