| | |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h2>CSS</h2> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/css-sucks.png"> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Warum CSS?</h3> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>Erhöhte Zugänglichkeit des Inhalts</li> |
| | | <li>Wiederverwendbarkeit</li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Syntax</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | selector [, selector2, selector3, ...] { |
| | | property1: value; |
| | | property2: value; |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Beispiel</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | html, body { |
| | | width: 100%; |
| | | height: 100%; |
| | | margin: 0; |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Selektoren</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | /* Elemente */ |
| | | html, body {...} |
| | | |
| | | /* IDs */ |
| | | #my-id {...} |
| | | |
| | | /* Klassen */ |
| | | .my-class {...} |
| | | |
| | | /* Pseudo-Klassen */ |
| | | div:hover {...} |
| | | |
| | | /* Attribute */ |
| | | div[my-attribut="abc"] {...} |
| | | |
| | | /* Kombinationen */ |
| | | div.my-class#my-id {...} |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Variablen</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | html { |
| | | --my-background-color: #abcdef; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | html div { |
| | | background-color: var(--my-background-color, white); |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Das <code>display</code>-Attribut</h3> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>block</p> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/css-display-block.svg"> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>untereinander angeordnet</li> |
| | | <li>nehmen sich die volle Breite</li> |
| | | <li><code>width</code> und <code>height</code> möglich</li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>inline</p> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/css-display-inline.svg"> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>Standard bei <code>Custom Elements</code></li> |
| | | <li>nur so groß wie der content</li> |
| | | <li><code>width</code> und <code>height</code> nicht möglich</li> |
| | | <li>nebeneinander angeordnet</li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>inline-block</p> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/css-display-inline-block.svg"> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>Mischform von <code>block</code> und <code>inline</code></li> |
| | | <li>nur so groß wie der content</li> |
| | | <li><code>width</code> und <code>height</code> möglich</li> |
| | | <li>nebeneinander angeordnet</li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>none</p> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/css-display-none.svg"> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>unsichtbar</li> |
| | | <li>Platz wird nicht länger beansprucht, so als wenn das Element nicht im DOM wäre</li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Das <code>position</code>-Attribut</h3> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>static</p> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/css-position-static.svg"> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>Standard</li> |
| | | <li>Element wird am Ort der Verankerung im HTML dargestellt</li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>relative</p> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/css-position-relative.svg"> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>Verschiebung zur eigentlichen <code>static</code>-Position, z.B. mittels <code>left: 20px</code></li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>absolut</p> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/css-position-absolute.svg"> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>relative Verschiebung zum nächsten nicht-<code>static</code>-Parent (sonst <code>window</code>)</li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Implementiere folgendes Beispiel-Menü</p> |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/css-menu.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Lösung</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | .menu-item { |
| | | display: inline-block; |
| | | |
| | | position: relative; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .menu-item .children { |
| | | display: none; |
| | | |
| | | position: absolute; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .menu-item:hover .children { |
| | | display: block; |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | <div class="menu"> |
| | | <div class="menu-item">Eins</div> |
| | | <div class="menu-item"> |
| | | Hover Me! |
| | | <div class="children"> |
| | | <div>Item 1</div> |
| | | <div>Item 2</div> |
| | | </div> |
| | | </div> |
| | | <div class="menu-item">Drei</div> |
| | | </div> |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Viewport</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <!DOCTYPE html> |
| | | <html> |
| | | <head> |
| | | <meta charset="utf-8"></meta> |
| | | <meta |
| | | name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" |
| | | > |
| | | </head> |
| | | <body> |
| | | ... |
| | | </body> |
| | | </html> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | <p>Ein Muss für alle responsiven Seiten</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | npm install -g http-server |
| | | cd pfad/zum/projekt |
| | | http-server --port 8080 |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Einheiten</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | div { |
| | | width: 1px; /* Pixel */ |
| | | width: 1pt; /* Points */ |
| | | width: 1em; /* Breite des "M" in der Schriftgröße des Elements */ |
| | | width: 1rem; /* Breite des "M" in der Schriftgröße des HTML-Elements */ |
| | | width: 1vw; /* Prozent der View Width */ |
| | | width: 1%; /* Prozent des Elternelements */ |
| | | |
| | | width: 5fr; /* Fraction (nur im CSS Grid verfügbar) */ |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Größeneinheiten in einer HTML-Datei ausprobieren</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>CSS Flexbox</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | .container { |
| | | display: flex; /* soll ein flexibler Container sein */ |
| | | display: inline-flex; |
| | | |
| | | flex-direction: column; /* Kinder spaltenweise anordnen */ |
| | | flex-direction: row; /* Kinder zeilenweise anordnen */ |
| | | |
| | | align-items: center; |
| | | justify-content: center; |
| | | |
| | | gap: 20px; /* Abstände zwischen den Achsen */ |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .child { |
| | | flex-grow: 1; /* Anteiliger Platz, wenn mehr als nötig da ist */ |
| | | flex-shrink: 1; /* Anteiliger Platz, wenn weniger als nötig da ist */ |
| | | flex-basis: 20px; /* Grundlage zur Berechnung der finalen Größe */ |
| | | order: 1; /* Erlaubt die Darstellung in anderer Reihenfolge als durch das HTML vorgegeben */ |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/css-flexbox-axes.drawio.svg"> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Mit CSS Flexbox rumspielen</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>CSS Grid</h3> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Terminologie</h3> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/css-grid-terminology.drawio.svg"> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | .grid { |
| | | display: grid; /* inline-grid; */ |
| | | |
| | | grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; |
| | | grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr; |
| | | |
| | | gap: 5px 10px; |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | <div class="grid"> |
| | | <span>A</span> |
| | | <span>B</span> |
| | | <span>C</span> |
| | | <span>D</span> |
| | | <span>E</span> |
| | | <span>F</span> |
| | | </div> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/css-grid-example-1.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | .grid { |
| | | grid-template-columns: [left] 1fr [column1] 1fr [column2] 1fr [right]; |
| | | grid-template-rows: [top] 1fr [row1] 1fr [bottom]; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .a { |
| | | grid-column: 2 / span 2; |
| | | grid-row: 1; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .b { |
| | | grid-column: left / column2; |
| | | grid-row: 2; |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | <div class="grid"> |
| | | <span class="a">A</span> |
| | | <span class="b">B</span> |
| | | </div> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/css-grid-example-2.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | .grid { |
| | | grid-template-areas: |
| | | "header header header" |
| | | "content content content"; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .a { |
| | | grid-area: header; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .b { |
| | | grid-area: 2 / 1 / 2 / 3; /* start-row / start-column / end-row / end-column */ |
| | | /* alternativ auch Namen der Lines möglich */ |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/css-grid-example-3.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Implementiere folgendes Design:</p> |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/css-grid-excercise.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Lösung</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | .grid { |
| | | display: grid; |
| | | |
| | | grid-template-rows: 1fr 5fr 1fr; |
| | | |
| | | gap: 2px; |
| | | |
| | | grid-template-areas: |
| | | "navigation header header header" |
| | | "navigation content content content" |
| | | "footer footer footer footer" |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .navigation { |
| | | grid-area: navigation; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .header { |
| | | grid-area: header; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .content { |
| | | grid-area: content; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .footer { |
| | | grid-area: footer; |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | <div class="grid"> |
| | | <div class="area navigation">Navigation</div> |
| | | <div class="area header">Header</div> |
| | | <div class="area content">Content</div> |
| | | <div class="area footer">Footer</div> |
| | | </div> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h4>Platzierug des Inhalts</h4> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> |
| | | .grid { |
| | | align-items: center; |
| | | justify-items: center; |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/css-grid-example-4.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Media Queries</h3> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>"Medienabfragen"</li> |
| | | <li>Styles auf Basis von Eigenschaften des Ausgabemediums</li> |
| | | <li>Große Bildschirme, kleine Bildschirme, Printmedien...</li> |
| | | <li>Hinweis: Sollten immer als letztes (unten) in einem Stylesheet sein</li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Syntax</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | @media screen and (min-width: 640px) and (max-width: 1024px) { |
| | | .navigation { |
| | | display: none; |
| | | } |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | <p>Bedeutung: Wenn die Seite auf einem Display angezeigt wird, welches zwischen 640px und 1024px in der Breite anzeigen kann, dann blende die Navigation aus</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Werte für die Ausgabemedien (optional, Standard ist "all")</h3> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>all</li> |
| | | <li>screen</li> |
| | | <li>print</li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Werte für die Eigenschaften mit Typ und Erklärung (kleiner Auszug)</h3> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>width (Number, Breite)</li> |
| | | <li>height (Number, Höhe)</li> |
| | | <li>orientation (portrait | landscape, Quer- oder Hochformat)</li> |
| | | <li>hover (none | hover, Hat Zeiger zum Hovern)</li> |
| | | <li>forced-colors (none | active, erzwungene Farbpalette z.B. bei Sehbehinderung)</li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Entwerfe eine kleine Seite mit @media und zeige ein beliebiges Element ab einer bestimmten Höhe oder Breite an (die Größe des Displays kann dynamisch mit den Entwicklertools im Gerätesimulator geändert werden)</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Passe die Vorlage "media-queries-responsive-layout.html" mit @media-Queries so an, dass das Menü links ab einer maximalen Breite von 480 Pixel und kleiner nach links oben in die Ecke minimiert wird und nur per Hover wieder 50% Breite und 100% Höhe bekommt</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/media-queries-excercise.png"> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Lösung</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | @media screen and (max-width: 480px) { |
| | | .menu { |
| | | grid-area: unset; |
| | | |
| | | position: absolute; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .menu:hover { |
| | | height: 100%; |
| | | width: 50%; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .grid { |
| | | grid-template-columns: 0fr 5fr; |
| | | } |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | </section> |
| | | </div> |
| | | </div> |
| | | |