| | |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="1-15|17"> |
| | | <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="1-16|19"> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | class HelloWorldComponent extends HTMLElement { |
| | | connectedCallback() { |
| | | constructor() { |
| | | super(); |
| | | |
| | | const shadowRoot = this.attachShadow({mode: "open"}); |
| | | |
| | | shadowRoot.innerHTML = ` |
| | |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/hello-world.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h4>Light DOM vs Shadow DOM</h4> |
| | | <img data-src="/assets/images/web-components-shadow-root.png" width="500px"> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h4>Suche von Elementen im Light- und Shadow DOM</h4> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | // Light DOM |
| | | const span = document.querySelector("span"); // Hi! |
| | | const divs = document.querySelectorAll("div"); |
| | | |
| | | console.log(divs.length); // => 1 |
| | | |
| | | // Shadow DOM |
| | | const helloWorld = document.querySelector("hello-world"); |
| | | |
| | | helloWorld.shadowRoot.querySelector("div"); // Hello World! |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Auf Attribute reagieren</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | <hello-world my-attribute="a"></hello-world> |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="2|8-10"> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | class HelloWorldComponent extends HTMLElement { |
| | | static observedAttributes = ["my-attribute"]; |
| | | |
| | | connectedCallback() { |
| | | constructor() { |
| | | // ... |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | |
| | | <p>Lasse die eigene Komponente "hello-sayer" auf eine Änderung des "name"-Attributs reagieren, indem der dort eingetragene Name in der Komponente angezeigt wird (Beispiel: name="Joe" => Hello Joe!)</p> |
| | | <p>(/examples/templates/web-components/hello-sayer.html)</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Musterlösung</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | class HelloSayerComponent extends HTMLElement { |
| | | static observedAttributes = ["name"]; |
| | | |
| | | constructor() { |
| | | super(); |
| | | |
| | | this.root = this.attachShadow({mode: "open"}); |
| | | |
| | | this.root.innerHTML = ` |
| | | <style> |
| | | div { |
| | | background-color: coral; |
| | | color: white; |
| | | } |
| | | </style> |
| | | <div>Hello!</div> |
| | | `; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | attributeChangedCallback(name, oldValue, newValue) { |
| | | this.root.querySelector("div").innerHTML = `Hello ${newValue}!`; |
| | | } |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | window.customElements.define("hello-sayer", HelloSayerComponent); |
| | | |
| | | const names = ["Joe", "Allie"]; |
| | | let counter = 0; |
| | | |
| | | setInterval(() => document.querySelector("hello-sayer").setAttribute("name", names[counter++ % 2]), 2000); |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/hello-sayer.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Elemente aus dem LightDOM platzieren mit <code><slot></code></h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | this.root.innerHTML = ` |
| | | <span>Hello <slot></slot>!</span> |
| | | `; |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h4>Beispiel</h4> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | <hello-sayer>Joe</hello-sayer> |
| | | <hello-sayer>Allie</hello-sayer> |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/hello-sayer-2.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Mehrfache benannte <code><slot></code>s</h3> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class=js data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | this.root.innerHTML = ` |
| | | <span> |
| | | first name: <slot name="first"></slot> | |
| | | last name: <slot name="last"></slot> |
| | | </span> |
| | | `; |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h4>Beispiel</h4> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | <name-field> |
| | | <span slot="first">Leia</span> |
| | | <span slot="last">Organa</span> |
| | | </name-field> |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/name-field.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Entwerfe eine <code>CardComponent</code> (Vorlage "card-component.html") in folgendem Stil und nutze dabei sinnvolle <code><slot></code>s:</p> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | <card-component> |
| | | <span slot="title">This is a title</span> |
| | | <span slot="content">...Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr...</span> |
| | | </card-component> |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | <iframe data-src="/assets/html/exercise-card-component.html"></iframe> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Styling einer Web Component</h3> |
| | | <p>Ein <code>:host</code>-Block mit einem <code>display</code> gehört zum guten Ton!</p> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | :host { |
| | | display: block; /* inline, inline-block, flex, grid etc... */ |
| | | |
| | | color: red; |
| | | |
| | | font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; |
| | | } |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>Innerhalb einer Komponente können beliebige Styles für verschiedene Selektoren verwendet werden</p> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <script type="text/template"> |
| | | :host { |
| | | display: block; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .info { |
| | | background-color: lightblue; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | .warning { |
| | | background-color: yellow; |
| | | } |
| | | </script> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Welche Wechselwirkungen haben Styles zueinander, die innerhalb und außerhalb einer Komponente definiert sind? (Vorlage "web-component-styles.html")</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>Einige globale Styles werden dennoch vererbt:</p> |
| | | <ul> |
| | | <li>Sämtliche Styles, die standardmäßig einen Wert von <code>inherit</code> besitzen (z.B. <code>color</code> oder <code>font-family</code>)</li> |
| | | <li>Eigene CSS-Variablen wie z.B. <code>--my-custom-color</code></li> |
| | | </ul> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Passe das vorherige Ergebnis (Vorlage "web-component-styles.html") so an, dass ein beliebiger Style per CSS-Variable von außen gesetzt werden kann (z.B. <code>color</code> oder <code>background-color</code>)</p> |
| | | <p>Erinnerung CSS-Variablen:</p> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | /* Definition */ |
| | | html { |
| | | --my-variable: #abcdef; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | /* Usage */ |
| | | .my-class { |
| | | background-color: var(--my-variable, white); |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>In der Anfangszeit von Web Components wurde oft folgendes Muster zur Individualisierung verwendet:</p> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | /* Global Scope */ |
| | | html { |
| | | --my-border-color: #abcdef; |
| | | --my-border-width: 1px; |
| | | --my-margin-top: 1rem; |
| | | --my-margin-bottom: 1rem; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | /* Inside Web Component */ |
| | | .container { |
| | | border-color: var(--my-border-color, white); |
| | | border-width: var(--my-border-width, 1px); |
| | | margin-top: var(--my-margin-top, 0.5rem); |
| | | margin-bottom: var(--my-margin-bottom, 0.5rem); |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p>Eleganteres Stylen von Web Components mittels <code>part</code></p> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | /* Global Scope */ |
| | | my-component::part(inner) { |
| | | border-color: yellow; |
| | | border-width: 2px; |
| | | } |
| | | |
| | | /* Inside Web Component */ |
| | | <div part="inner"></div> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Passe die <code>CardComponent</code> aus einer vorherigen Übung an (Vorlage "card-component.html"), sodass man Titel und Inhalt einfach von außen per <code>part</code>s stylen kann.</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <p><code>part</code>s von eingebetteten Web Components exportieren und verfügbar machen</p> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | <!-- Inner Component Html --> |
| | | <div part="inner">Inner Text</div> |
| | | |
| | | <!-- Outer Component Html --> |
| | | <inner-component exportparts="inner"></inner-component> |
| | | |
| | | <!-- Global Html --> |
| | | <outer-component></outer-component> |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Passe das Beispiel (Vorlage "exportparts.html") entsprechend an, sodass von außen sowohl der <code>Inner Text</code> als auch der <code>Outer Text</code> stylebar sind</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Stylen von LightDOM-Kindern</h3> |
| | | <p>Web Components können direkte Kinder, die via <code>slot</code> eingefügt werden, stylen. Hierfür gibt es den Pseudo-Elemente-Selektor <code>::slotted([selector])</code>, welcher Elemente selektiert, die in einem Slot stecken:</p> |
| | | <pre> |
| | | <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> |
| | | /* Inside Web Component */ |
| | | ::slotted(*) { /* Selectors like elements, #id or .class */ |
| | | font-style: italic; |
| | | } |
| | | </code> |
| | | </pre> |
| | | </section> |
| | | <section> |
| | | <h3>Aufgabe</h3> |
| | | <p>Definiere mit dem Pseudo-Elemente-Selektor <code>::slotted()</code> Styles, sodass per <code>slot</code> eingefügte Elemente mit der Klasse <code>red</code> einen roten und Elemente mit der Klasse <code>blue</code> einen blauen Hintergrund haben. Die Schriftart soll jeweils weiß sein (Vorlage "slotted.html")</p> |
| | | </section> |
| | | </section> |
| | | </div> |
| | | </div> |