From 1a7461cf95b89d5e6ec1f17b4a12004e08d31f4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sascha Schulz <sschulz@dh-software.de> Date: Di, 12 Sep 2023 16:10:42 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] add css units and css flexbox --- index.html | 1669 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 files changed, 1.667 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 6f46a19..4b8f512 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -1317,6 +1317,9 @@ </pre> </section> <section> + <img data-src="/assets/images/constructor-and-its-prototype.svg"> + </section> + <section> <div>Dynamische Änderung des Prototypen</div> <pre> <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> @@ -1360,9 +1363,26 @@ </pre> </section> <section> - <h3>Vererbung</h3> + <h3>Lösung</h3> <pre> <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Array.prototype.sum = function() { + let sum = 0; + + for (let number of this) { + sum += number; + } + + return sum; + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Vererbung</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="1-13|15-18|20-29"> + // Oberklasse function Shape() { } @@ -1370,18 +1390,22 @@ return "Shape"; } + // Unterklasse function Rectangle(a, b) { this.a = a; this.b = b; } + // Prototype der Oberklasse in die Unterklasse kopieren Rectangle.prototype = Object.create(Shape.prototype); + // Konstruktor der Oberklasse am Prototypen durch den eigenen ersetzen Rectangle.prototype.constructor = Rectangle; const r = new Rectangle(2, 3); console.log(r.getType()); + // .getType() selber implementieren Rectangle.prototype.getType = function() { return "Rectangle"; } @@ -1399,6 +1423,1647 @@ <section> <img data-src="/assets/images/inheritance-es5.svg"> </section> + <section> + <div> + <img width="800" height="500" data-src="/assets/images/mdn-prototype.jpg"> + </div> + <p> + <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push" style="font-size: 16px">https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push</a> + </p> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Objektorientierung in es6</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + class Rectangle { + constructor(a, b) { + this.a = a; + this.b = b; + } + + getArea() { + return this.a * this.b; + } + } + + const r = new Rectangle(2, 3); + + console.log(r.getArea()); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 6 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Vererbung in es6</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="1-6|8-16|18-27"> + // Oberklasse + class Shape { + getType() { + return "Shape"; + } + } + + // Unterklasse erbt von Oberklasse + class Rectangle extends Shape { + constructor(a, b) { + super(); + + this.a = a; + this.b = b; + } + } + + const r = new Rectangle(2, 3); + + console.log(r.getType()); + + // Implementierung per Prototype weiterhin möglich, falls man so will + Rectangle.prototype.getType = function() { + return "Rectangle"; + } + + console.log(r.getType()); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Shape + Rectangle + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Asynchronität</h3> + <p>Asynchron: Es wird nicht auf die Beendigung des Befehls gewartet, sondern mit dem Programm fortgefahren. Die Vollendung des asynchronen Befehls tritt <i style="font-style: italic">irgendwann</i> in der Zukunft ein.</p> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + setTimeout(callback, time); // Ausführung nach [time] Millisekunden + setInterval(callback, interval); // Ausführung alle [interval] Millisekunden + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + setTimeout(function() { + // Code, der nach 2 Sekunden ausgeführt wird + console.log("zweiter"); + }, 2000); + + console.log("erster"); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + erster + zweiter + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <p>Aufgabe: Schreibe ein Programm, das zwei weitere beliebige Texte mit jeweils 2 Sekunden Verzögerung von einander ausgibt, d.h.</p> + <p>"erster" -> 2s -> "zweiter" -> 2s -> "Text A" -> 2s -> "Text B"</p> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + setTimeout(function() { + console.log("zweiter"); + + // weiterer Code + }, 2000); + + console.log("erster"); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Lösung: Callback-Hell oder Pyramide des Todes + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + setTimeout(function() { + console.log("zweiter"); + + setTimeout(function() { + console.log("Text A"); + + setTimeout(function() { + console.log("Text B"); + + + }, 2000); + }, 2000); + }, 2000); + + console.log("erster"); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Hilfsmittel: Promises + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { + // ich bin fertig + resolve(); + + // es ist ein Fehler aufgetreten + reject(); + }); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const p = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...}); + const p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...}); + const p3 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...}); + const p4 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...}); + + p + .then(function() { return p2; }) + .then(function() { return p3; }) + .then(function() { return p4; }); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + console.log("erster"); + + delay(2000) + .then(function () { + console.log("zweiter"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text A"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text B"); + }) + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: Implementiere die Funktion "delay" + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const delay = function() { + // implementieren + } + + console.log("erster"); + + delay(2000) + .then(function () { + console.log("zweiter"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text A"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text B"); + }) + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Lösung: + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const delay = function(ms) { + return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + setTimeout(function() { + resolve(); + }, ms); + }); + } + + console.log("erster"); + + delay(2000) + .then(function () { + console.log("zweiter"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text A"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text B"); + }) + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Rückgabewerte mit Promises + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + resolve("ok"); + }); + + p.then(function(value) { + console.log(value); + }); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + ok + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Fehlerbehandlung mit Promises + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + reject(new Error("Fehler")); + }); + + p + .then(function() { + console.log("Ich werde nicht aufgerufen") + }) + .catch(function(e) { + console.log(e.message); + }); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Fehler + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Datei lesen mit NodeJS + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const fs = require("fs"); + + fs.readFile("./hello.txt", {encoding: "utf8"}, function(error, data) { + console.log(data); + }); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello World! + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: "Promisifiziere" analog zu "delay" in der letzten Aufgabe den Aufruf von fs.readFile() + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const fs = require("fs"); + + function readFile() { + // implementieren + } + + readFile("./hello.txt").then(function(content) { + console.log(content); + }); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello World! + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Lösung: + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const fs = require("fs"); + + function readFile(path) { + return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { + fs.readFile(path, {encoding: "utf8"}, function(error, data) { + resolve(data); + }); + }); + } + + readFile("./hello.txt").then(function(content) { + console.log(content); + }); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello World! + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: Nutze die vorherige Lösung nun für eine Promise-Kette, sodass die Inhalte der zwei Dateien "hello.txt" und "hallo.txt" nacheinander ausgegeben werden: + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello World! + + Hallo Welt! + + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Lösung: + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const fs = require("fs"); + + function readFile(path) { + return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { + fs.readFile(path, {encoding: "utf8"}, function(error, data) { + resolve(data); + }); + }); + } + + readFile("./hello.txt") + .then(function(content) { + console.log(content); + + return readFile("./hallo.txt"); + }) + .then(function(content) { + console.log(content); + }); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello World! + + Hallo Welt! + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Async - Await</h3> + <ul> + <li>Syntaktischer Zucker für Promises</li> + <li>Nutzung von <code>await</code> nur im Kontext einer <code>async</code>-Funktion möglich</li> + </ul> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + async function wrapper() { + const p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + resolve("Hello from Promise!"); + }); + + const result = await p; + + console.log(result); + } + + wrapper(); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello from Promise! + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: Schreibe die Lösung der vorherigen Aufgabe nach Async - Await um + </section> + <section> + Lösung: + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const fs = require("fs"); + + function readFile(path) { + return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { + fs.readFile(path, {encoding: "utf8"}, function(error, data) { + resolve(data); + }); + }); + } + + async function wrapper() { + const content1 = await readFile("./hello.txt"); + const content2 = await readFile("./hallo.txt"); + + console.log(content1); + console.log(content2); + } + + wrapper(); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello World! + + Hallo Welt! + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Destructuring</h3> + <p>Auflösen von komplexen Strukturen</p> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + // Objekt destrukturieren (per Attribut-Namen) + const { a, b } = { a: 1, b: 2 }; + + console.log(a); + console.log(b); + + // Array destrukturieren (per Position) + const [ c, d ] = [3, 4]; + + console.log(c); + console.log(d); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + // Bei Objekten Elemente umbenennen oder auch auslassen + const { a: x, b: y } = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }; + + console.log(x); + console.log(y); + + // Bei Arrays Elemente auslassen + const [ , a, b, , c] = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]; + + console.log(a); + console.log(b); + console.log(c); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 7 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + // Verschachteltes Destructuring + const {a: [, x, ] } = { a: [0, 1, 2]}; + + console.log(x); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 1 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: x soll die 5 enthalten + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const o = { a: [0, {b: [0, 5]}, 2]}; + + const { /* Destructuring-Ausdruck */ } = o; + + console.log(x); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 5 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Lösung: + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const o = { a: [0, { b: [0, 5] }, 2]}; + + const { a: [, { b: [, x] }]} = o; + + console.log(x); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 5 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: x soll die 3 enthalten + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const o = { a: [0, {b: [0, { c: [{ x: 5 }, { d: 3}] }]}, 2]}; + + const { /* Destructuring-Ausdruck */ } = o; + + console.log(x); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 3 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Lösung: + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const o = { a: [0, {b: [0, { c: [{ x: 5 }, { d: 3}] }]}, 2]}; + + const { a: [, {b: [, { c: [, { d: x}] }] }] } = o; + + console.log(x); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 3 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <p>Destructuring zum parallelen Ausführen von mehreren Promises</p> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="1-10|11-21"> + const fs = require("fs"); + + function readFile(path) { + return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { + fs.readFile(path, {encoding: "utf8"}, function(error, data) { + resolve(data); + }); + }); + } + + async function wrapper() { + const [ content1, content2 ] = await Promise.all([ + readFile("./hello.txt"), + readFile("./hallo.txt") + ]); + + console.log(content1); + console.log(content2); + } + + wrapper(); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Try-Catch-Finally</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function throwError() { + try { + throw new Error("Fehler!"); + return "Hello World!"; + } + catch (e) { + return e.message; + } + finally { + console.log("Finally wird immer ausgeführt"); + return "Finally!"; + } + } + + const result = throwError(); + console.log(result); + </code> + </pre> + <pre class="fragment"> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Finally wird immer ausgeführt + Finally! + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <p>Anwendungsbeispiel für Try-Catch-Finally</p> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function readFromDatabase() { + try { + db.connect(); + return db.read(); + } + catch (e) { + console.log(e.stack); + return ""; + } + finally { + if (db.open) { + db.close(); + } + } + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Scope</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function a() { + const x = 5; + + return function() { + return x * x; + }; + } + + const squareX = a(); + const result = squareX(); + + console.log(result); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 25 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>this</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + class MyClass { + constructor(a) { + this.a = a; + } + + getA() { + return this.a; + } + } + + const x = new MyClass(5); + const y = new MyClass(10); + + console.log(x.getA()); + console.log(y.getA()); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 5 + 10 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + global.a = 5; + + function foo() { + this.a += 10; + } + + foo(); + + console.log(a); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 15 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + class MyClass { + /* ... */ + setA() { + function f() { + this.a += 100; + } + f(); + } + } + + const x = new MyClass(5); + + x.setA(); + + console.log(x.getA()); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + TypeError: Cannot read property 'a' of undefined + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + class MyClass { + /* ... */ + setA() { + const me = this; + function f() { + me.a += 100; + } + f(); + } + } + + const x = new MyClass(5); + + x.setA(); + + console.log(x.getA()); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 105 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Arrow-Funktionen</h3> + <ul> + <li>Kompakte Schreibweise einer normalen Funktion</li> + <li>Bei Einzeilern ist das <code>return</code> nicht notwendig</li> + <li>this-Pointer des aktuellen Kontextes wird beibehalten</li> + </ul> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + // Einzeiler + const f1 = _ => 1; + const f2 = () => 1; + const f3 = (x) => x * x; + const f4 = (x, y) => x + y; + + // Mehrzeiler + const f5 = (x, y) => { + return x * y; + }; + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + class MyClass { + /* ... */ + setA() { + const f = () => { + this.a += 100; + } + f(); + } + } + + const x = new MyClass(5); + + x.setA(); + + console.log(x.getA()); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 105 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Generator-Funktionen</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function* generator() { + let i = 0; + + while(true) { + yield i; + i++; + } + } + + const g = generator(); + + console.log(g.next().value); + console.log(g.next().value); + console.log(g.next().value); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 1 + 2 + 3 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Generator-Funktionen</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function* generator() { + yield 1; + yield 2; + yield 3; + } + + const g = generator(); + + for (const i of g) { + console.log(i); + } + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 1 + 2 + 3 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Nützliche Array-Funktionen</h3> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: Schreibe ein Programm, das den Gesamtumsatz aus dem ersten Halbjahr berechnet + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const revenues = [ + {month: 0, revenue: 1000}, + {month: 1, revenue: 2000}, + {month: 2, revenue: 3000}, + {month: 3, revenue: 4000}, + {month: 4, revenue: 5000}, + {month: 5, revenue: 6000}, + {month: 6, revenue: 6000}, + {month: 7, revenue: 5000}, + {month: 8, revenue: 4000}, + {month: 9, revenue: 3000}, + {month: 10, revenue: 2000}, + {month: 11, revenue: 1000} + ]; + + let totalRevenue = 0; + + /* ... */ + + console.log(totalRevenue); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Lösung + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + totalRevenue = revenues + .filter((revenue) => revenue.month < 6) + .map((revenue) => revenue.amount) + .reduce((sum, amount) => sum + amount, 0); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 21000 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]; + + a.filter((e) => e > 2); // Filterung + a.map((e) => e * 2); // Umformung + a.reduce((p, e) => p + e, 0); // Zusammenrechnung / Reduzierung + a.some((e) => e > 5); // true wenn min. ein Element die Bedingung erfüllt + a.every((e) => e > 5); // true wenn alle Elemente die Bedingung erfüllen + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Map</h3> + <ul> + <li>auch als "assoziatives Array" bezeichnet</li> + <li>iterierbare Liste</li> + <li>ideal zur Assoziation von z.B. Hashes zu Objekt-Instanzen o.ä.</li> + <li>nutzbar ab es6 / es2015</li> + <li>löst herkömmliche Objekte als Hash-Map ab</li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const m = new Map(); + + m.set("a", 0); + m.set("a", 1); + m.set("b", 2); + + m.has("c"); // => false + + m.delete("b"); + + console.log(m.get("a")); // => 1 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + m.forEach((k, v) => console.log(k, v)) // => "a" 1 ... + + for (const entry of m.entries()) { + console.log(entry); // => ["a", 1] ... + } + + for (const key of m.keys()) { + console.log(key); // => "a" ... + } + + for (const value of m.values()) { + console.log(value); // => "1" ... + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Set</h3> + <ul> + <li>enthält nur einzigartige Werte</li> + <li>iterierbare Liste</li> + <li>ideale Struktur, wenn einzelne Werte einzigartig sein sollen</li> + <li>nutzbar ab es6 / es2015</li> + <li>löst individuelle Lösungen mittels Arrays und Array.prototype.indexOf o.ä. ab</li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const s = new Set(); + + s.add("a"); + s.add("a"); + + s.has("c"); // => false + + s.delete("a"); + + console.log(s.size); // => 0 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + s.forEach((k, v) => console.log(k, v)) // => "a" "a" ... + + for (const entry of m.entries()) { + console.log(entry); // => ["a", "a"] ... + } + + for (const key of m.keys()) { + console.log(key); // => "a"... + } + + for (const value of s.values()) { + console.log(value); // => "a" ... + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>DOM-Events</h3> + <ul> + <li>funktionale Ausführung von Code</li> + <li>Trigger können Klicks, Scrollen, Tastendrücke, Änderungen der Fenstergröße usw. sein</li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <img data-src="/assets/images/dom-events.svg"> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function doSomething(e) { + console.log("capture"); + } + + function click(e) { + console.log("bubble"); + } + + div.addEventListener("click", doSomething, true); + + button.addEventListener("click", click, false /* default */); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + capturing + bubble + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <p>Aufgabe: Erweitere das vorherige Beispiel so, dass das div-Element einen weiteren Click-Handler bekommt, + der den Text "bubble2" anzeigt, nachdem "bubble" in der Konsole geloggt wurde.</p> + + <p>Erwartete Ausgabe:</p> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + capturing + bubble + bubble2 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <p>Lösung:</p> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function doSomething(e) { + console.log("capture"); + } + + // neu + function doSomething2(e) { + console.log("bubble2"); + } + + function click(e) { + console.log("bubble"); + } + + div.addEventListener("click", doSomething, true); + div.addEventListener("click", doSomething2, false); // neu + + button.addEventListener("click", click, false /* default */); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Die Bubble-Phase stoppen + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function click(e) { + e.stopPropagation() + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <p>Aufgabe: Ändere das Ergebnis des vorherigen Beispiels, sodass die Bubble-Phase auf Ebene des button-Elements gestoppt wird. Was ändert sich in der Ausgabe?</p> + </section> + <section> + <p>Lösung:</p> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function doSomething(e) { + console.log("capture"); + } + + function doSomething2(e) { + console.log("bubble2"); + } + + function click(e) { + e.stopPropagation(); + console.log("bubble"); + } + + div.addEventListener("click", doSomething, true); + div.addEventListener("click", doSomething2, false); + + button.addEventListener("click", click, false /* default */); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Events programatisch triggern: + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + button.dispatchEvent(new Event("click")); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Events sind synchron: + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + doSomethingElse(); + + button.dispatchEvent(new Event("click")); + + doAnotherThing(); // wird erst ausgeführt, wenn zuvor alle Event-Handler fertig sind + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Strings</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const empty1 = ""; + const empty1 = ''; + + const s1 = 'abc'; + const s2 = "abc"; + + const s3 = 'a"b"c'; + const s4 = "a\"b\"c"; + + const s5 = 'a\'b\'c'; + const s6 = "a'b'c"; + + const s7 = `a'b'"c"`; + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h5>Strings zusammenfügen</h5> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const age = 10; + + // Konkatenation + const s = "My age is " + number + "!"; + + // Interpolation + const s = `My age is ${number}!`; + + // => "My age is 10!" + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h5>Template Strings</h5> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function sayHello() { + return "Hello"; + } + + let interpolation = `${sayHello()}`; + + // => "Hello" + + interpolation = `5 + 5 = ${5+5}`; + + // => "5 + 5 = 10" + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + lit + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + return html`<div>hello world!</div>` + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function myTag() { + console.log(arguments); + + // return 5; + // return true; + return "abc"; + } + + let interpolation = myTag`a ${5} b ${6} c`; + + // => "abc" + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Arguments(3) [Array(3), 5, 6] + 0 : (3) ['a ', ' b ', ' c', raw: Array(3)] + 1 : 5 + 2 : 6 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h5>Aufgabe</h5> + <p>Schreibe ein Tag, welches die Zahlen aus den dynamischen Ausdrücken zusammenrechnet (<code>strings.js</code>)</p> + </section> + <section> + <h5>Lösung</h5> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function add(parts, ...numbers) { + return numbers.reduce((p, c) => p + c, 0); + } + + let sum = add`a ${5} b ${6} c`; + + console.log(sum); + + // => 11 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h5>Rest-Operator</h5> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + function add(...numbers) { + return numbers.reduce((p, c) => p + c, 0); + } + + add(1, 2, 3); // => 6 + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const o1 = {a: 1, b: 2}; + const o2 = {x: 5, y: 6, ...o1}; + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const a1 = [4, 5, 6]; + const a2 = [1, 2, 3, ...a1]; + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Relevante Browser-APIs</h3> + </section> + <section> + <h5>window</h5> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + window.innerWidth; // innere Auflösung des sichtbaren Fensters + window.innerHeight; + window.outerWidth; // äußere Auflösung des Browserfensters inklusive Adresszeile usw. + window.outerHeight; + + window.addEventListener(); // Events an das äußerste "Dach"-Element hängen + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h5>location</h5> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + location.href; // aktuelle URL + location.host; // aktuelle Domain, z.B. "www.google.de" + location.protocol; // aktuelles Protokoll, z.B. "https:" + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h5>Navigator</h5> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + navigator.language; // bevorzugte Browsersprache, z.B. "de" + navigator.userAgent; // z.B. "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; Nexus 5 Build/MRA58N) [...]" + navigator + .mediaDevices + .getDisplayMedia(); // Fordere Erlaubis zum Streamen von Anwendungen oder Bildschirmen an + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h5>Document</h5> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + document.body; // <body>-Element der Seite + document.activeElement; // aktives Element der Seite, welche gerade den Fokus besitzt + document.cookie; // für die aktuelle Seite gesetzte Cookies + document.execCommand("copy"); // Texte in die Zwischenablage zu schreiben + document.createElement("div"); // erzeuge neues DOM-Element mit angegebenen Tag + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h5>LocalStorage</h5> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + // auf 5MB Daten pro Domain begrenzt + localStorage.getItem(key); // Element holen + localStorage.setItem(key, value); // Element setzen + localStorage.removeItem(key); // Element entfernen + </code> + </pre> + </section> + </section> + <section> + <section> + <h2>CSS</h2> + <img data-src="/assets/images/css-sucks.png"> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Warum CSS?</h3> + <ul> + <li>Erhöhte Zugänglichkeit des Inhalts</li> + <li>Wiederverwendbarkeit</li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Syntax</h3> + <pre> + <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> + selector [, selector2, selector3, ...] { + property1: value; + property2: value; + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Beispiel</h3> + <pre> + <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> + html, body { + width: 100%; + height: 100%; + margin: 0; + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Selektoren</h3> + <pre> + <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> + /* Elemente */ + html, body {...} + + /* IDs */ + #my-id {...} + + /* Klassen */ + .my-class {...} + + /* Pseudo-Klassen */ + div:hover {...} + + /* Attribute */ + div[my-attribut="abc"] {...} + + /* Kombinationen */ + div.my-class#my-id {...} + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Variablen</h3> + <pre> + <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> + html { + --my-background-color: #abcdef; + } + + html div { + background-color: var(--my-background-color, white); + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Das <code>display</code>-Attribut</h3> + </section> + <section> + <p>block</p> + <img data-src="/assets/images/css-display-block.svg"> + <ul> + <li>untereinander angeordnet</li> + <li>nehmen sich die volle Breite</li> + <li><code>width</code> und <code>height</code> möglich</li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <p>inline</p> + <img data-src="/assets/images/css-display-inline.svg"> + <ul> + <li>Standard bei <code>Custom Elements</code></li> + <li>nur so groß wie der content</li> + <li><code>width</code> und <code>height</code> nicht möglich</li> + <li>nebeneinander angeordnet</li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <p>inline-block</p> + <img data-src="/assets/images/css-display-inline-block.svg"> + <ul> + <li>Mischform von <code>block</code> und <code>inline</code></li> + <li>nur so groß wie der content</li> + <li><code>width</code> und <code>height</code> möglich</li> + <li>nebeneinander angeordnet</li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <p>hidden</p> + <img data-src="/assets/images/css-display-hidden.svg"> + <ul> + <li>unsichtbar</li> + <li>Platz wird nicht länger beansprucht, so als wenn das Element nicht im DOM wäre</li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Das <code>position</code>-Attribut</h3> + </section> + <section> + <p>static</p> + <img data-src="/assets/images/css-position-static.svg"> + <ul> + <li>Standard</li> + <li>Element wird am Ort der Verankerung im HTML dargestellt</li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <p>relative</p> + <img data-src="/assets/images/css-position-relative.svg"> + <ul> + <li>Verschiebung zur eigentlichen <code>static</code>-Position, z.B. mittels <code>left: 20px</code></li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <p>absolut</p> + <img data-src="/assets/images/css-position-absolute.svg"> + <ul> + <li>relative Verschiebung zum nächsten nicht-<code>static</code>-Parent (sonst <code>window</code>)</li> + </ul> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Aufgabe</h3> + <p>Implementiere folgendes Beispiel-Menü</p> + <iframe data-src="/assets/html/css-menu.html"></iframe> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Lösung</h3> + <pre> + <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers> + .menu-item { + display: inline-block; + + position: relative; + } + + .menu-item .children { + display: none; + + position: absolute; + } + + .menu-item:hover .children { + display: block; + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers> + <script type="text/template"> + <div class="menu"> + <div class="menu-item">Eins</div> + <div class="menu-item"> + Hover Me! + <div class="children"> + <div>Item 1</div> + <div>Item 2</div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="menu-item">Drei</div> + </div> + </script> + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Viewport</h3> + <pre> + <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers> + <!DOCTYPE html> + <html> + <head> + <meta charset="utf-8"></meta> + <meta + name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" + > + </head> + <body> + ... + </body> + </html> + </code> + </pre> + <p>Ein Muss für alle responsiven Seiten</p> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> + npm install -g http-server + cd pfad/zum/projekt + http-server --port 8080 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Einheiten</h3> + <pre> + <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> + div { + width: 1px; /* Pixel */ + width: 1pt; /* Points */ + width: 1em; /* Breite des "M" in der Schriftgröße des Elements */ + width: 1rem; /* Breite des "M" in der Schriftgröße des HTML-Elements */ + width: 1vw; /* Prozent der View Width */ + width: 1%; /* Prozent des Elternelements */ + + width: 5fr; /* Fraction (nur im CSS Grid verfügbar) */ + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Aufgabe</h3> + <p>Größeneinheiten in einer HTML-Datei ausprobieren</p> + </section> + <section> + <h3>CSS Flexbox</h3> + <pre> + <code class="css" data-trim data-line-numbers=""> + .container { + display: flex; /* soll ein flexibler Container sein */ + display: inline-flex; + + flex-direction: column; /* Kinder spaltenweise anordnen */ + flex-direction: row; /* Kinder zeilenweise anordnen */ + + align-items: center; + justify-content: center; + + gap: 20px; /* Abstände zwischen den Achsen */ + } + + .child { + flex-grow: 1; /* Anteiliger Platz, wenn mehr als nötig da ist */ + flex-shrink: 1; /* Anteiliger Platz, wenn weniger als nötig da ist */ + flex-basis: 20px; /* Grundlage zur Berechnung der finalen Größe */ + order: 1; /* Erlaubt die Darstellung in anderer Reihenfolge als durch das HTML vorgegeben */ + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <img data-src="/assets/images/css-flexbox-axes.drawio.svg"> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Aufgabe</h3> + <p>Mit CSS Flexbox rumspielen</p> + </section> </section> </div> </div> @@ -1415,7 +3080,7 @@ hash: true, slideNumber: "c/t", transition: "fade", - + // Learn about plugins: https://revealjs.com/plugins/ plugins: [ RevealMarkdown, RevealHighlight, RevealNotes ] }); -- Gitblit v1.9.3