From 7da8e6fdff5e19bdc27ecd7b996dc1eceb5b3c13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sascha Schulz <sschulz@dh-software.de>
Date: Di, 06 Jun 2023 18:15:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Merge branch 'draft'
---
index.html | 1632 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 files changed, 1.606 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 504d73e..92d3368 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -27,19 +27,17 @@
<h3>Grundlagen</h3>
<ul>
<li>HTML/CSS/JS</li>
- <li>JSON</li>
<li>HTTP-Protokoll</li>
- <li>Debugger</li>
+ <li>JSON</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Fortgeschrittenes</h3>
<ul>
- <li>NodeJS</li>
+ <li>JavaScript</li>
<li>Responsive Design</li>
- <li>CSS-Animationen</li>
+ <li>NodeJS</li>
<li>WebComponents / lit</li>
- <li>Canvas-Element</li>
<li>Datenbank</li>
</ul>
</section>
@@ -58,6 +56,8 @@
<section>
<h3>Interessante Technologien</h3>
<ul>
+ <li>Canvas-Element</li>
+ <li>CSS-Animationen</li>
<li>WebSockets</li>
<li>WebWorker</li>
<li>ServiceWorker</li>
@@ -498,29 +498,18 @@
</table>
</section>
<section>
- <pre>
- <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
- <script type="text/template">
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html lang="de">
- <head>
- <meta charset="UTF-8">
- </head>
- <body>
- <!-- code -->
- </body>
- </html>
- </script>
- </code>
- </pre>
- </section>
- <section>
<p>Code wird zwischen <code>script</code>-Tags geschrieben</p>
<pre>
<code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
- <script>
- ...
- </script>
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
+ <html lang="de">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
+ </head>
+ <body>
+ <script>// code</script>
+ </body>
+ </html>
</code>
</pre>
</section>
@@ -529,7 +518,7 @@
<pre>
<code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
// findet das erste Element
- const element = document.querySelector("#id");
+ const parent = document.querySelector("#id");
// findet alle Elemente
const elements = document.querySelectorAll("#id");
@@ -541,11 +530,1602 @@
// Click-Event
});
+ // Element anhängen
+ parent.appendChild(newElement);
+
newElement.remove();
</code>
</pre>
</section>
</section>
+ <section>
+ <section>
+ <h2>Auslagern in verschiedene Dateien</h2>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
+ <html>
+ <head>
+ <!-- CSS -->
+ <link href="styles.css" rel="stylesheet">
+ </head>
+ <body>
+ <!-- JS -->
+ <script src="index.js"></script>
+ </body>
+ </html>
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Parsen eines HTML-Dokuments</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers="1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10">
+ <script type="text/template">
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
+ <html lang="de">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
+ <title>Coole Seite 😀</title>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+ <div>Ganz langer Text</div>
+ </body>
+ </html>
+ </script>
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Verschiedene Varianten, JavaScript erst am Ende auszuführen</p>
+ <p>Damals mit jQuery:</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
+ <html>
+ <head>
+ <script>
+ $(document).ready((event) => {
+ const element = document.querySelector("#hello");
+ });
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+ <div id="hello">Hello World!</div>
+ </body>
+ </html>
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p><code>script</code>-Tag am Ende</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
+ <html>
+ <head>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+ <div>Hello World!</div>
+ ...
+ <script src="index.js"></script>
+ </body>
+ </html>
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Event-basiert, z.B. per DOMContentLoaded</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
+ <html>
+ <head>
+ <script>
+ document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", (event) => {
+ // wird ausgeführt, sobald das Dokument geparst wurde
+ const element = document.querySelector("#hello");
+ });
+ </script>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+ <div id="hello">Hello World!</div>
+ </body>
+ </html>
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Moderne Variante</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ <script src="index.js" defer></script>
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h2><code>document</code>-Operationen</h2>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ document.open();
+ document.write("<div>Booo!</div>");
+ document.close();
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/write">
+ <img data-src="/assets/images/document.write.jpg">
+ </a>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ <body>
+ <script>document.write("<p>Dies ist ein Text.</p>")</script>
+ <button>Dunkle Magie</button>
+ <script>
+ const button = document.querySelector("button");
+
+ button.addEventListener("click", () => {
+ document.write("Und pfutsch!");
+ });
+ </script>
+ </body>
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <section>
+ <h2>HTTP-Protokoll</h2>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <img data-src="/assets/images/osi-model.jpg">
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <ul>
+ <li>OSI-Schichten 5, 6 und 7</li>
+ <li>Anfrage-Antwort-Prinzip</li>
+ <li>Basiert auf einfachem Text</li>
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <table>
+ <tr><th>Version</th><th>Jahr</th></tr>
+ <tr><th>0.9</th><th>1991</th></tr>
+ <tr><th>1.0</th><th>1996</th></tr>
+ <tr><th>1.1</th><th>1999</th></tr>
+ <tr><th>2.0</th><th>2015</th></tr>
+ <tr><th>3.0</th><th>2022</th></tr>
+ </table>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Request an www.google.de</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="http" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ GET / HTTP/1.1
+ Host: www.google.de
+ User-Agent: curl/7.88.1
+ Accept: */*
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Response von www.google.de</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="http" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+ Date: Tue, 04 Apr 2023 15:45:26 GMT
+ Expires: -1
+ Cache-Control: private, max-age=0
+ Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
+ Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only: [...]
+ Server: gws
+ X-XSS-Protection: 0
+ X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
+ Set-Cookie: [...]
+ Accept-Ranges: none
+ Vary: Accept-Encoding
+ Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+
+ <!doctype html><html>...</html>
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Einfach mal testen:</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ curl -v --http1.0 http://www.google.de
+ curl -v --http1.1 http://www.google.de
+ curl -v --http2 http://www.google.de
+ curl -v --http2-prior-knowledge http://www.google.de
+ curl -v --http3 http://www.google.de
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Verschiedene "Verben" bzw. "Methoden"</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>GET</li>
+ <li>POST</li>
+ <li>PUT</li>
+ <li>PATCH</li>
+ <li>DELETE</li>
+ <li>...</li>
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Beispiel:</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ git clone https://git.furnco.de/r/public/web-development/examples.git
+ cd examples/templates/005-http-rest
+ node index.js
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="text" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ curl -X GET -is http://localhost:3000/todo
+ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "Einkaufen"}' -is http://localhost:3000/todo
+ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "Putzen"}' -is http://localhost:3000/todo
+ curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "Schlafen"}' -is http://localhost:3000/todo/1
+ curl -X DELETE -is http://localhost:3000/todo/0
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="text" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+ X-Powered-By: Express
+ Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
+ Content-Length: 13
+ ETag: W/"d-KMmUcQ1kigqtwzZnU+jVDkYP3Co"
+ Date: Wed, 05 Apr 2023 12:05:05 GMT
+ Connection: keep-alive
+ Keep-Alive: timeout=5
+
+ ["Einkaufen"]
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="">
+ app.get("/todo", (req, res) => {
+ return res.json(todos);
+ });
+
+ // [...]
+
+ app.post("/todo", (req, res) => {
+ // [...]
+ return res.json(todos);
+ // [...]
+ });
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p><code>GET</code> und <code>POST</code> auf klassischen Webseiten</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="html" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ <form method="post" action="/todo">
+ <input name="todo"><button>add</button>
+ </form>
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <p>Beispiel:</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ cd examples/templates/006-http-web
+ node index.js
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>JSON</h3>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <ul>
+ <li><em class="h">J</em>ava<em class="h">S</em>cript <em class="h">O</em>bject <em class="h">N</em>otation</li>
+ <li>Basiert auf reinem Text</li>
+ <li>Format zur strukturierten Speicherung von Daten</li>
+ <li>Attribute müssen immer in doppelte Anführungsstriche (<code>"</code>) gesetzt werden</li>
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Definition eines einfachen Objekts in JS</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const o = {
+ x: 1,
+ y: 2
+ };
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Entsprechung in JSON</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ {
+ "x": 1,
+ "y": 2
+ }
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Mögliche Typen</p>
+ <p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>Number (bzw. Integer / Float)</li>
+ <li>Boolean</li>
+ <li>String</li>
+ <li>Array</li>
+ <li>Object</li>
+ </ul>
+ </p>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Der äußere Container kann ein Array oder ein Object sein</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ {
+ "key": "value",
+ }
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ [
+ "foo",
+ "bar"
+ ]
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <section>
+ <h2>JavaScript</h2>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <style>
+ table.my-table td:not(:first-child) {
+ text-align: center;
+ }
+
+ table.my-table td:not(:last-child), table.my-table th:not(:last-child) {
+ border-right: 1px solid white;
+ }
+
+ table.my-table td {
+ vertical-align: middle;
+ }
+ </style>
+ <table class="my-table">
+ <tr>
+ <th></th>
+ <th>c / c++</th>
+ <th>Java</th>
+ <th>C#</th>
+ <th>JS</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Formale Spezifikation</td>
+ <td colspan="4" class="fragment">ja</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Ãœbersetzung</td>
+ <td class="fragment">Nativ kompiliert</td>
+ <td class="fragment" colspan="2">Bytecode</td>
+ <td class="fragment">Interpretiert / kompiliert (JIT)</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Typisierung</td>
+ <td colspan="3" class="fragment">statisch</td>
+ <td class="fragment">dynamisch</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Speicher-Management</td>
+ <td class="fragment">Manuell</td>
+ <td class="fragment" colspan="3">Garbage Collector</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Begrifflichkeiten</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ function add(x, y) {
+ return x + y;
+ }
+
+ const a = 5;
+ const b = add(a, 6);
+ const c = [];
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <div><span class="fragment">Operator, </span><span class="fragment">Aufruf (Call), </span><span class="fragment">Ausdruck (Expression), </span><span class="fragment">Parameter, </span><span class="fragment">Argument, </span><span class="fragment">Literal, </span></div><div><span class="fragment">Zuweisung (Assignment), </span><span class="fragment">Linke Hand (Left hand), Rechte Hand (Right hand)</span></div>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Vorbereiten der Beispiele (bei Bedarf)</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ # im Ordner 'examples/'
+ . hooks/post-checkout
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Ausführung</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ # node [Script-Datei], z.B.
+ node index.js
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Ausgaben</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ console.log("Hello World!");
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <h3>Variablen</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ // < es6
+ var x = 1;
+
+ // >= es6
+ let y = 2;
+ const z = 3;
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ var yes = false;
+
+ if (yes) {
+ var a = 1;
+ }
+
+ console.log(a);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre class="fragment">
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ undefined
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ var yes = false;
+
+ if (yes) {
+ let a = 1;
+ }
+
+ console.log(a);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre class="fragment">
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ ReferenceError: a is not defined
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ function foo() {
+ var yes = false;
+
+ if (yes) {
+ var a = 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ foo();
+
+ console.log(a);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre class="fragment">
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ ReferenceError: a is not defined
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3><code>var</code></h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li>hat <code>function</code>-Scope</li>
+ <li>wird durch <span class="italic">hoisting</span> ("hochziehen") aus dem Block heraus an den Start der Funktion gezogen</li>
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ var yes = false;
+ var a;
+
+ if (yes) {
+ a = 1;
+ }
+
+ console.log(a);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3><code>let</code>, <code>const</code></h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li>haben intuitiven Block-Scope (wie viele andere Programmiersprachen auch)</li>
+ <li>daher nur an Ort und Stelle gültig in der angegebenen Reihenfolge</li>
+ </ul>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Datentypen</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ let x = 5; // Number (Integer)
+ let f = 1.25; // Number (Float)
+ let b = true; // Boolean
+ let s = "hallo"; // String
+ let a = []; // Array
+ let o = {}; // Objekt
+ let nan = NaN; // Not a Number
+ let n = null; // Null
+ let u = undefined; // Undefiniert
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Alternation</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ if (x == 1) {
+ // Code
+ }
+ else if (x == 2) {
+ // alternativer Code
+ }
+ else {
+ // Fallback
+ }
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Schleifen</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+ // Code
+ }
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const a = [1, 2, 3];
+
+ for (const element of a) {
+ // Code
+ }
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ while (i == 1) {
+ // Code
+ }
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ do {
+ // Code
+ } while (i == 1)
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Arrays</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ let a = [1, 2, 3];
+
+ a.push(4);
+ a.push(5);
+
+ a.pop();
+
+ console.log(a);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ [1, 2, 3, 4]
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Objekte</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ let o = {x: 1, y: 2};
+
+ console.log(o.z);
+
+ console.log(o);
+
+ o.z = 3;
+
+ console.log(o);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ undefined
+ { x: 1, y: 2 }
+ { x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <div>Objekte funktionieren intern wie Hash-Maps</div>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ let o = {};
+
+ o.a = 1;
+ o["a"] = 1; // alternativ
+
+ o["$ !"] = 2; // so sind auch komplexe Schlüssel möglich
+
+ // o."$ !" = 2; => Syntaxfehler
+ // o.$ ! = 2; => Syntaxfehler
+
+ o[true] = 3;
+
+ console.log(Object.keys(o));
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ [ 'a', '$ !', 'true' ]
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Funktionen</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ function foo() {
+ console.log("foo");
+ }
+
+ function bar(a) {
+ return a;
+ }
+
+ foo();
+
+ const a = bar(1);
+
+ console.log(a);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ foo
+ 1
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ let sum = function(a, b) {
+ return a + b;
+ }
+
+ let subtract = function() {
+ console.log(arguments);
+
+ return arguments[0] - arguments[1];
+ }
+
+ console.log(sum(1, 2));
+ console.log(subtract(1, 2));
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 3
+ [Arguments] { '0': 1, '1': 2 }
+ -1
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Funktionen als Konstruktor</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ function Rectangle(a, b) {
+ this.a = a;
+ this.b = b;
+ }
+
+ const r = new Rectangle(2, 3);
+
+ console.log(r.a);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 2
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Objektorientierung</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ function Rectangle(a, b) {
+ this.a = a;
+ this.b = b;
+ }
+
+ // jede Funktion besitzt einen Prototypen
+ Rectangle.prototype.getArea = function() {
+ return this.a * this.b;
+ }
+
+ const r1 = new Rectangle(2, 3);
+ const r2 = new Rectangle(4, 5);
+
+ console.log(r1.getArea());
+ console.log(r2.getArea());
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 6
+ 20
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <img data-src="/assets/images/constructor-and-its-prototype.svg">
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <div>Dynamische Änderung des Prototypen</div>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ function Rectangle(a, b) {
+ this.a = a;
+ this.b = b;
+ }
+
+ const r = new Rectangle(2, 3);
+
+ console.log(r.getArea);
+
+ Rectangle.prototype.getArea = function() {
+ return this.a * this.b;
+ }
+
+ console.log(r.getArea);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ undefined
+ [Function (anonymous)]
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Aufgabe</h3>
+ Bringe dem Array eine Methode bei, welche die Summe aller enthaltenen Zahlen zurückgibt
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const a = [1, 2, 3];
+
+ console.log(a.sum());
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 6
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Lösung</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Array.prototype.sum = function() {
+ let sum = 0;
+
+ for (let number of this) {
+ sum += number;
+ }
+
+ return sum;
+ }
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Vererbung</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="1-13|15-18|20-29">
+ // Oberklasse
+ function Shape() {
+ }
+
+ Shape.prototype.getType = function() {
+ return "Shape";
+ }
+
+ // Unterklasse
+ function Rectangle(a, b) {
+ this.a = a;
+ this.b = b;
+ }
+
+ // Prototype der Oberklasse in die Unterklasse kopieren
+ Rectangle.prototype = Object.create(Shape.prototype);
+ // Konstruktor der Oberklasse am Prototypen durch den eigenen ersetzen
+ Rectangle.prototype.constructor = Rectangle;
+
+ const r = new Rectangle(2, 3);
+
+ console.log(r.getType());
+
+ // .getType() selber implementieren
+ Rectangle.prototype.getType = function() {
+ return "Rectangle";
+ }
+
+ console.log(r.getType());
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Shape
+ Rectangle
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <img data-src="/assets/images/inheritance-es5.svg">
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <div>
+ <img width="800" height="500" data-src="/assets/images/mdn-prototype.jpg">
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push" style="font-size: 16px">https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push</a>
+ </p>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Objektorientierung in es6</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ class Rectangle {
+ constructor(a, b) {
+ this.a = a;
+ this.b = b;
+ }
+
+ getArea() {
+ return this.a * this.b;
+ }
+ }
+
+ const r = new Rectangle(2, 3);
+
+ console.log(r.getArea());
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 6
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Vererbung in es6</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="1-6|8-16|18-27">
+ // Oberklasse
+ class Shape {
+ getType() {
+ return "Shape";
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Unterklasse erbt von Oberklasse
+ class Rectangle extends Shape {
+ constructor(a, b) {
+ super();
+
+ this.a = a;
+ this.b = b;
+ }
+ }
+
+ const r = new Rectangle(2, 3);
+
+ console.log(r.getType());
+
+ // Implementierung per Prototype weiterhin möglich, falls man so will
+ Rectangle.prototype.getType = function() {
+ return "Rectangle";
+ }
+
+ console.log(r.getType());
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Shape
+ Rectangle
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Asynchronität</h3>
+ <p>Asynchron: Es wird nicht auf die Beendigung des Befehls gewartet, sondern mit dem Programm fortgefahren. Die Vollendung des asynchronen Befehls tritt <i style="font-style: italic">irgendwann</i> in der Zukunft ein.</p>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ setTimeout(callback, time); // Ausführung nach [time] Millisekunden
+ setInterval(callback, interval); // Ausführung alle [interval] Millisekunden
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ setTimeout(function() {
+ // Code, der nach 2 Sekunden ausgeführt wird
+ console.log("zweiter");
+ }, 2000);
+
+ console.log("erster");
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ erster
+ zweiter
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Aufgabe: Schreibe ein Programm, das zwei weitere beliebige Texte mit jeweils 2 Sekunden Verzögerung von einander ausgibt, d.h.</p>
+ <p>"erster" -> 2s -> "zweiter" -> 2s -> "Text A" -> 2s -> "Text B"</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ setTimeout(function() {
+ console.log("zweiter");
+
+ // weiterer Code
+ }, 2000);
+
+ console.log("erster");
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Lösung: Callback-Hell oder Pyramide des Todes
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ setTimeout(function() {
+ console.log("zweiter");
+
+ setTimeout(function() {
+ console.log("Text A");
+
+ setTimeout(function() {
+ console.log("Text B");
+
+
+ }, 2000);
+ }, 2000);
+ }, 2000);
+
+ console.log("erster");
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Hilfsmittel: Promises
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+ // ich bin fertig
+ resolve();
+
+ // es ist ein Fehler aufgetreten
+ reject();
+ });
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const p = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...});
+ const p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...});
+ const p3 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...});
+ const p4 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...});
+
+ p
+ .then(function() { return p2; })
+ .then(function() { return p3; })
+ .then(function() { return p4; });
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ console.log("erster");
+
+ delay(2000)
+ .then(function () {
+ console.log("zweiter");
+
+ return delay(2000);
+ })
+ .then(function() {
+ console.log("Text A");
+
+ return delay(2000);
+ })
+ .then(function() {
+ console.log("Text B");
+ })
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Aufgabe: Implementiere die Funktion "delay"
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const delay = function() {
+ // implementieren
+ }
+
+ console.log("erster");
+
+ delay(2000)
+ .then(function () {
+ console.log("zweiter");
+
+ return delay(2000);
+ })
+ .then(function() {
+ console.log("Text A");
+
+ return delay(2000);
+ })
+ .then(function() {
+ console.log("Text B");
+ })
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Lösung:
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const delay = function(ms) {
+ return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
+ setTimeout(function() {
+ resolve();
+ }, ms);
+ });
+ }
+
+ console.log("erster");
+
+ delay(2000)
+ .then(function () {
+ console.log("zweiter");
+
+ return delay(2000);
+ })
+ .then(function() {
+ console.log("Text A");
+
+ return delay(2000);
+ })
+ .then(function() {
+ console.log("Text B");
+ })
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Rückgabewerte mit Promises
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
+ resolve("ok");
+ });
+
+ p.then(function(value) {
+ console.log(value);
+ });
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ ok
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Fehlerbehandlung mit Promises
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
+ reject(new Error("Fehler"));
+ });
+
+ p
+ .then(function() {
+ console.log("Ich werde nicht aufgerufen")
+ })
+ .catch(function(e) {
+ console.log(e.message);
+ });
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Fehler
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Datei lesen mit NodeJS
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const fs = require("fs");
+
+ fs.readFile("./hello.txt", {encoding: "utf8"}, function(error, data) {
+ console.log(data);
+ });
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Hello World!
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Aufgabe: "Promisifiziere" analog zu "delay" in der letzten Aufgabe den Aufruf von fs.readFile()
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const fs = require("fs");
+
+ function readFile() {
+ // implementieren
+ }
+
+ readFile("./hello.txt").then(function(content) {
+ console.log(content);
+ });
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Hello World!
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Lösung:
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const fs = require("fs");
+
+ function readFile(path) {
+ return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+ fs.readFile(path, {encoding: "utf8"}, function(error, data) {
+ resolve(data);
+ });
+ });
+ }
+
+ readFile("./hello.txt").then(function(content) {
+ console.log(content);
+ });
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Hello World!
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Aufgabe: Nutze die vorherige Lösung nun für eine Promise-Kette, sodass die Inhalte der zwei Dateien "hello.txt" und "hallo.txt" nacheinander ausgegeben werden:
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Hello World!
+
+ Hallo Welt!
+
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Lösung:
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const fs = require("fs");
+
+ function readFile(path) {
+ return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+ fs.readFile(path, {encoding: "utf8"}, function(error, data) {
+ resolve(data);
+ });
+ });
+ }
+
+ readFile("./hello.txt")
+ .then(function(content) {
+ console.log(content);
+
+ return readFile("./hallo.txt");
+ })
+ .then(function(content) {
+ console.log(content);
+ });
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Hello World!
+
+ Hallo Welt!
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Async - Await</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li>Syntaktischer Zucker für Promises</li>
+ <li>Nutzung von <code>await</code> nur im Kontext einer <code>async</code>-Funktion möglich</li>
+ </ul>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ async function wrapper() {
+ const p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
+ resolve("Hello from Promise!");
+ });
+
+ const result = await p;
+
+ console.log(result);
+ }
+
+ wrapper();
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Hello from Promise!
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Aufgabe: Schreibe die Lösung der vorherigen Aufgabe nach Async - Await um
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Lösung:
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const fs = require("fs");
+
+ function readFile(path) {
+ return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+ fs.readFile(path, {encoding: "utf8"}, function(error, data) {
+ resolve(data);
+ });
+ });
+ }
+
+ async function wrapper() {
+ const content1 = await readFile("./hello.txt");
+ const content2 = await readFile("./hallo.txt");
+
+ console.log(content1);
+ console.log(content2);
+ }
+
+ wrapper();
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Hello World!
+
+ Hallo Welt!
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Destructuring</h3>
+ <p>Auflösen von komplexen Strukturen</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ // Objekt destrukturieren (per Attribut-Namen)
+ const { a, b } = { a: 1, b: 2 };
+
+ console.log(a);
+ console.log(b);
+
+ // Array destrukturieren (per Position)
+ const [ c, d ] = [3, 4];
+
+ console.log(c);
+ console.log(d);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ // Bei Objekten Elemente umbenennen oder auch auslassen
+ const { a: x, b: y } = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };
+
+ console.log(x);
+ console.log(y);
+
+ // Bei Arrays Elemente auslassen
+ const [ , a, b, , c] = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8];
+
+ console.log(a);
+ console.log(b);
+ console.log(c);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 1
+ 2
+ 4
+ 5
+ 7
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ // Verschachteltes Destructuring
+ const {a: [, x, ] } = { a: [0, 1, 2]};
+
+ console.log(x);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 1
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Aufgabe: x soll die 5 enthalten
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const o = { a: [0, {b: [0, 5]}, 2]};
+
+ const { /* Destructuring-Ausdruck */ } = o;
+
+ console.log(x);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 5
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Lösung:
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const o = { a: [0, { b: [0, 5] }, 2]};
+
+ const { a: [, { b: [, x] }]} = o;
+
+ console.log(x);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 5
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Aufgabe: x soll die 3 enthalten
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const o = { a: [0, {b: [0, { c: [{ x: 5 }, { d: 3}] }]}, 2]};
+
+ const { /* Destructuring-Ausdruck */ } = o;
+
+ console.log(x);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 3
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ Lösung:
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ const o = { a: [0, {b: [0, { c: [{ x: 5 }, { d: 3}] }]}, 2]};
+
+ const { a: [, {b: [, { c: [, { d: x}] }] }] } = o;
+
+ console.log(x);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 3
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Destructuring zum parallelen Ausführen von mehreren Promises</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="1-10|11-21">
+ const fs = require("fs");
+
+ function readFile(path) {
+ return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+ fs.readFile(path, {encoding: "utf8"}, function(error, data) {
+ resolve(data);
+ });
+ });
+ }
+
+ async function wrapper() {
+ const [ content1, content2 ] = await Promise.all([
+ readFile("./hello.txt"),
+ readFile("./hallo.txt")
+ ]);
+
+ console.log(content1);
+ console.log(content2);
+ }
+
+ wrapper();
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Try-Catch-Finally</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ function throwError() {
+ try {
+ throw new Error("Fehler!");
+ return "Hello World!";
+ }
+ catch (e) {
+ return e.message;
+ }
+ finally {
+ console.log("Finally wird immer ausgeführt");
+ return "Finally!";
+ }
+ }
+
+ const result = throwError();
+ console.log(result);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre class="fragment">
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ Finally wird immer ausgeführt
+ Finally!
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <p>Anwendungsbeispiel für Try-Catch-Finally</p>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ function readFromDatabase() {
+ try {
+ db.connect();
+ return db.read();
+ }
+ catch (e) {
+ console.log(e.stack);
+ return "";
+ }
+ finally {
+ if (db.open) {
+ db.close();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ <section>
+ <h3>Scope</h3>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ function a() {
+ const x = 5;
+
+ return function() {
+ return x * x;
+ };
+ }
+
+ const squareX = a();
+ const result = squareX();
+
+ console.log(result);
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ <pre>
+ <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers>
+ 25
+ </code>
+ </pre>
+ </section>
+ </section>
</div>
</div>
--
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