From b4b72320b621eae9268110a5fde76aa01cef6f37 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sascha Schulz <sschulz@dh-software.de> Date: Do, 25 Mai 2023 11:11:25 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] add readme in plain txt format --- index.html | 541 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 files changed, 525 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 8aa6001..88584f9 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -959,9 +959,19 @@ <div><span class="fragment">Operator, </span><span class="fragment">Aufruf (Call), </span><span class="fragment">Ausdruck (Expression), </span><span class="fragment">Parameter, </span><span class="fragment">Argument, </span><span class="fragment">Literal, </span></div><div><span class="fragment">Zuweisung (Assignment), </span><span class="fragment">Linke Hand (Left hand), Rechte Hand (Right hand)</span></div> </section> <section> + <h3>Vorbereiten der Beispiele (bei Bedarf)</h3> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + # im Ordner 'examples/' + . hooks/post-checkout + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> <h3>Ausführung</h3> <pre> <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + # node [Script-Datei], z.B. node index.js </code> </pre> @@ -974,14 +984,7 @@ </code> </pre> </section> - <section> - <h3>Vorbereiten der Beispiele (bei Bedarf)</h3> - <pre> - <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> - . hooks/post-checkout - </code> - </pre> - </section> + <section> <h3>Variablen</h3> <pre> @@ -1098,6 +1101,55 @@ </pre> </section> <section> + <h3>Alternation</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + if (x == 1) { + // Code + } + else if (x == 2) { + // alternativer Code + } + else { + // Fallback + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Schleifen</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { + // Code + } + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const a = [1, 2, 3]; + + for (const element of a) { + // Code + } + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + while (i == 1) { + // Code + } + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + do { + // Code + } while (i == 1) + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> <h3>Arrays</h3> <pre> <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> @@ -1147,15 +1199,21 @@ let o = {}; o.a = 1; + o["a"] = 1; // alternativ - o["$ !"] = 2; + o["$ !"] = 2; // so sind auch komplexe Schlüssel möglich + + // o."$ !" = 2; => Syntaxfehler + // o.$ ! = 2; => Syntaxfehler + + o[true] = 3; console.log(Object.keys(o)); </code> </pre> <pre> <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> - ['a', '$ !'] + [ 'a', '$ !', 'true' ] </code> </pre> </section> @@ -1202,6 +1260,13 @@ console.log(subtract(1, 2)); </code> </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 3 + [Arguments] { '0': 1, '1': 2 } + -1 + </code> + </pre> </section> <section> <h3>Funktionen als Konstruktor</h3> @@ -1232,6 +1297,7 @@ this.b = b; } + // jede Funktion besitzt einen Prototypen Rectangle.prototype.getArea = function() { return this.a * this.b; } @@ -1243,6 +1309,15 @@ console.log(r2.getArea()); </code> </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 6 + 20 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <img data-src="/assets/images/constructor-and-its-prototype.svg"> </section> <section> <div>Dynamische Änderung des Prototypen</div> @@ -1264,27 +1339,461 @@ console.log(r.getArea); </code> </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + undefined + [Function (anonymous)] + </code> + </pre> </section> <section> + <h3>Aufgabe</h3> + Bringe dem Array eine Methode bei, welche die Summe aller enthaltenen Zahlen zurückgibt <pre> <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const a = [1, 2, 3]; + + console.log(a.sum()); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 6 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Lösung</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Array.prototype.sum = function() { + let sum = 0; + + for (let number of this) { + sum += number; + } + + return sum; + } + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Vererbung</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="1-13|15-18|20-29"> + // Oberklasse + function Shape() { + } + + Shape.prototype.getType = function() { + return "Shape"; + } + + // Unterklasse function Rectangle(a, b) { this.a = a; this.b = b; - this.getCircumference = function() { - return 2 * a + 2 * b; - }; } - Rectangle.prototype.getArea = function() { - return this.a * this.b; + // Prototype der Oberklasse in die Unterklasse kopieren + Rectangle.prototype = Object.create(Shape.prototype); + // Konstruktor der Oberklasse am Prototypen durch den eigenen ersetzen + Rectangle.prototype.constructor = Rectangle; + + const r = new Rectangle(2, 3); + + console.log(r.getType()); + + // .getType() selber implementieren + Rectangle.prototype.getType = function() { + return "Rectangle"; + } + + console.log(r.getType()); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Shape + Rectangle + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <img data-src="/assets/images/inheritance-es5.svg"> + </section> + <section> + <div> + <img width="800" height="500" data-src="/assets/images/mdn-prototype.jpg"> + </div> + <p> + <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push" style="font-size: 16px">https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push</a> + </p> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Objektorientierung in es6</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + class Rectangle { + constructor(a, b) { + this.a = a; + this.b = b; + } + + getArea() { + return this.a * this.b; + } } const r = new Rectangle(2, 3); - console.log(Object.keys(r)); + console.log(r.getArea()); </code> </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + 6 + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Vererbung in es6</h3> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers="1-6|8-16|18-27"> + // Oberklasse + class Shape { + getType() { + return "Shape"; + } + } + + // Unterklasse erbt von Oberklasse + class Rectangle extends Shape { + constructor(a, b) { + super(); + + this.a = a; + this.b = b; + } + } + + const r = new Rectangle(2, 3); + + console.log(r.getType()); + + // Implementierung per Prototype weiterhin möglich, falls man so will + Rectangle.prototype.getType = function() { + return "Rectangle"; + } + + console.log(r.getType()); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Shape + Rectangle + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Asynchronität</h3> + <p>Asynchron: Es wird nicht auf die Beendigung des Befehls gewartet, sondern mit dem Programm fortgefahren. Die Vollendung des asynchronen Befehls tritt <i style="font-style: italic">irgendwann</i> in der Zukunft ein.</p> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + setTimeout(callback, time); // Ausführung nach [time] Millisekunden + setInterval(callback, interval); // Ausführung alle [interval] Millisekunden + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + setTimeout(function() { + // Code, der nach 2 Sekunden ausgeführt wird + console.log("zweiter"); + }, 2000); + + console.log("erster"); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + erster + zweiter + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <p>Aufgabe: Schreibe ein Programm, das zwei weitere beliebige Texte mit jeweils 2 Sekunden Verzögerung von einander ausgibt, d.h.</p> + <p>"erster" -> 2s -> "zweiter" -> 2s -> "Text A" -> 2s -> "Text B"</p> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + setTimeout(function() { + console.log("zweiter"); + + // weiterer Code + }, 2000); + + console.log("erster"); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Lösung: Callback-Hell oder Pyramide des Todes + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + setTimeout(function() { + console.log("zweiter"); + + setTimeout(function() { + console.log("Text A"); + + setTimeout(function() { + console.log("Text B"); + + + }, 2000); + }, 2000); + }, 2000); + + console.log("erster"); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Hilfsmittel: Promises + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { + // ich bin fertig + resolve(); + + // es ist ein Fehler aufgetreten + reject(); + }); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const p = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...}); + const p2 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...}); + const p3 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...}); + const p4 = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {...}); + + p + .then(function() { return p2; }) + .then(function() { return p3; }) + .then(function() { return p4; }); + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + console.log("erster"); + + delay(2000) + .then(function () { + console.log("zweiter"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text A"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text B"); + }) + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: Implementiere die Funktion "delay" + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const delay = function() { + // implementieren + } + + console.log("erster"); + + delay(2000) + .then(function () { + console.log("zweiter"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text A"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text B"); + }) + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Lösung: + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const delay = function(ms) { + return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + setTimeout(function() { + resolve(); + }, ms); + }); + } + + console.log("erster"); + + delay(2000) + .then(function () { + console.log("zweiter"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text A"); + + return delay(2000); + }) + .then(function() { + console.log("Text B"); + }) + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Rückgabewerte mit Promises + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + resolve("ok"); + }); + + p.then(function(value) { + console.log(value); + }); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + ok + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Fehlerbehandlung mit Promises + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + reject(new Error("Fehler")); + }); + + p + .then(function() { + console.log("Ich werde nicht aufgerufen") + }) + .catch(function(e) { + console.log(e.message); + }); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Fehler + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Datei lesen mit NodeJS + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const fs = require("fs"); + + fs.readFile("./hello.txt", {encoding: "utf8"}, function(data) { + console.log(data); + }); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello World! + + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: "Promisifiziere" analog zu "delay" in der letzten Aufgabe den Aufruf von fs.readFile() + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + const fs = require("fs"); + + function readFile() { + // implementieren + } + + readFile.then(function(content) { + console.log(content); + }); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello World! + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: Nutze die vorherige Lösung nun für eine Promise-Kette, sodass die Inhalte der zwei Dateien "hello.txt" und "hallo.txt" nacheinander ausgegeben werden: + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello World! + + Hallo Welt! + + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + <h3>Async - Await</h3> + <ul> + <li>Syntaktischer Zucker für Promises</li> + <li>Nutzung von <code>await</code> nur im Kontext einer <code>async</code>-Funktion möglich</li> + </ul> + <pre> + <code class="js" data-trim data-line-numbers> + async function wrapper() { + const p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { + resolve("Hello from Promise!"); + }); + + const result = await p; + + console.log(result); + } + + wrapper(); + </code> + </pre> + <pre> + <code class="bash" data-trim data-line-numbers> + Hello from Promise! + </code> + </pre> + </section> + <section> + Aufgabe: Schreibe die Lösung der vorherigen Aufgabe nach Async - Await um </section> </section> </div> -- Gitblit v1.9.3